Pollination 猕猴桃授粉,英文版算是比较全面的了
During spring when the flowers begin to open, the bees and orchard managers are working hard to ensure a successful pollination in the orchards.
猕猴桃授粉
在春天，当花朵开始开放时，蜜蜂和果园管理人员正在努力确保果园中的授粉成功。
▲kiwi pollen blower
Kiwifruit flowers are very difficult to pollinate successfully. This is due to their lack of nectar, the number of pollen grains required, the cost of pollen, the weather during this period of the year, and the synchronisation of flowers opening.
猕猴桃花很难成功授粉。这是由于它们缺乏花蜜、所需花粉粒的数量、花粉的成本、一年中这段时间的天气以及花朵开放的同步性。
▲Bee pollination
Kiwifruit flowers don’t have nectar, which means they are not attractive to bees who would much prefer the clover in the grass of the neighbours flowers. To combat this, beekeepers and managers must feed the bees “sugar water” as a replacement for nectar.
猕猴桃花没有花蜜，这意味着它们对蜜蜂没有吸引力，因为蜜蜂更喜欢邻居花中的三叶草。为了解决这个问题，养蜂人和管理者必须给蜜蜂喂“糖水”来代替花蜜。
▲Bee pollination
Each female kiwifruit flower requires 3,000 grains of pollen. This means a bee must visit a single flower multiple times before it can turn into a flower. Even if orchardists apply pollen mechanically or by hand, the cost of pollen is a huge restriction to the pollination process. Just 1kg of pollen in the 2023 season costs $12,000 - $15,000. Because of this, many growers rely on natural pollination, or apply at small rates which may not be sufficient.
▲kiwipollen
每朵雌性猕猴桃花需要3000粒花粉。这意味着蜜蜂必须多次拜访一朵花才能变成花。即使果园主机械或手工施用花粉，花粉的成本也是授粉过程的巨大限制。2023年，仅1公斤花粉的价格就在12000至15000美元之间。因此，许多种植者依赖自然授粉，或者以可能不够的小剂量施用。
▲picking kiwi flowers
The weather over the pollination period is also crucial as bees are not active during the rain. During the pollination season in mid spring, weather events often occur in the middle of 100% full bloom. The flowers open up at different times across an orchard, and managers must balance the inputs to equal the rate of open flowers (e.g. 10% flowers open = 10% of total hives required or 10% of artificial pollen applied).
授粉期间的天气也很关键，因为蜜蜂在下雨时不活跃。在仲春的授粉季节，天气事件通常发生在100%盛开的中期。花朵在果园的不同时间开放，管理者必须平衡投入，以等于开放花朵的比例（例如，10%的花朵开放=所需蜂箱总数的10%或施用的人工花粉的10%）。
▲ Kiwi Fruit Male
There are two different kinds of artificial pollen (human applied pollen). These are dry pollen and wet pollen. Dry pollen is as it sounds, which is dry pollen grains blown up into the canopy. Wet pollen is when pollen is mixed with water and dye to become visible and sprayed on the flowers by hand or machine. Wet pollen is often used closer to wet weather events. Kiwi Pollen states that dry pollen is best when male flowering is less than optimum, orchards have insufficient male vines, and when requiring a pollen top up. Wet pollination is best for insufficient male vines, bee pollination is not sufficient, when bees prefer other crops, and when wind rain and cold weather is affecting bees.
有两种不同类型的人工花粉（人类应用花粉）。这些是干花粉和湿花粉。听起来，干花粉是指被吹入树冠的干花粉粒。湿花粉是指花粉与水和染料混合后，用手或机器喷洒在花朵上。湿花粉通常在接近潮湿天气事件时使用。Kiwi Pollen指出，当雄花不太理想、果园没有足够的雄藤以及需要补充花粉时，干花粉是最好的。湿授粉最适合雄性藤蔓不足、蜜蜂授粉不足、蜜蜂喜欢其他作物、风雨和寒冷天气影响蜜蜂的情况。
▲pollinate kiwifruit
Orchards with overhead hail cover also cause issues for bees as they can get lost if they do not have external objects to navigate home to the hive. This causes up to 40% of bees getting lost and dying which is costly for the beekeeper.
头顶有冰雹覆盖的果园也会给蜜蜂带来问题，因为如果它们没有外部物体导航到蜂巢，它们可能会迷路。这导致高达40%的蜜蜂迷路和死亡，这对养蜂人来说代价高昂。
▲pollinate kiwifruit
Pollination is one of the few things which can hugely affect an orchards performance based on numbers of fruit correctly pollinated, dry matter levels, and the overall quality of fruit.
根据正确授粉的果实数量、干物质水平和果实的整体质量，授粉是极少数会对果园性能产生巨大影响的因素之一。
▲Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. is the largest kiwi fruit industry company in Guizhou Province, planting 1200 acres of high-altitude kiwifruit. It is a leading agricultural enterprise in Zunyi City and an advanced poverty alleviation enterprise at the municipal level. The kiwi pollen project is the largest single area macaque peach blossom pollen orchard in China, with a single pollen collection area of 400 acres. During the high-yield period, 400 kilograms of pollen are produced, providing high-quality, high ploidy, and high activity kiwi pollen that can meet the pollen needs of 30000 acres of orchards. Contact WeChat 18030405084 tel 86 18030405084
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