Few crops are more challenging to pollinate than kiwi 很少有作物比猕猴桃更难授粉

mihoutao 2024 年 9 月 23 日17:54:50评论0 views阅读模式

Few crops are more challenging to pollinate than kiwi. Here’s the reason. For high fruit quality a large number of pollen grains per flower (> 3000) are required. Nectar production in kiwi flowers is generally poor, resulting in low attractiveness to honeybees. Furthermore, kiwi plants are “dioecious” meaning that male and female viable reproductive structures are on separate plants. The only way to set fruit is through cross-pollination. The proportion of non-fruit bearing, and thus “unreproductive” male plants in the orchard is generally limited, e.g. often 1 male plant to 5-8 females is advised. This limits availability of pollen.

猕猴桃人工授粉方式

猕猴桃人工授粉方式

This explains why, in several countries, technologies for pollen collection and assisted pollination have been developed. Both dry and wet pollen spraying techniques are being utilized. Assisted pollination includes both manual and mechanical pollination techniques.

Assisted pollination techniques do allow to achieve good fruit quality. However, they are often not easy to apply. Growers either need to collect pollen themselves or have to purchase pollen from third parties, which should then be of high quality and disease-free. The pollen needs to be applied on the flowers. This process is labor intensive and often, wasteful in terms of pollen consumption. (e.g. with pollen spraying only a small fraction of the pollen ends up on the flowers).

Bees pollinate kiwifruit

▲Bees pollinate kiwifruit

The use of hormones as an alternative to actual pollination is also subject to more and more restrictions and is prohibited in certain countries.

Biobest bumblebees can help address the kiwi pollination challenge. Bumblebees are keen to visit kiwi flowers and will carry large pollen loads and pollinate effectively. They fly at low temperatures and don’t mind the low light intensity which is often found under a dense kiwi canopy. They’ll also work well under nets and plastic tunnels. Biobest also has a technology to deal with situations with insufficient natural presence of pollen. Use Biobest’s patented Flying Doctors® technology. Apply a small amount of pre-collected pollen in the dispenser. Our Flying Doctors® will carry it straight to the female flowers. No pollen wasted. Biobest tested this technology in collaboration with Zespri in Italy and was able to demonstrate optimal pollination. Pollen consumption and labour are only a fraction of what is required with other assisted pollination techniques such as wet or dry spraying.

猕猴桃最佳授粉方法

▲猕猴桃最佳授粉方法

很少有作物比猕猴桃更难授粉。原因如下。为了获得高质量的果实,每朵花需要大量的花粉粒(>3000粒)。猕猴桃的花蜜产量普遍较差,导致对蜜蜂的吸引力较低。此外,猕猴桃植物是“雌雄异株”的,这意味着雄性和雌性可行的生殖结构在不同的植物上。结果的唯一方法是通过异花授粉。果园中不结果的、因此“不生产”的雄性植物的比例通常是有限的,例如,通常建议1株雄性植物对5-8株雌性植物。这限制了花粉的可用性。

猕猴桃授粉染色

猕猴桃授粉染色

这就解释了为什么在几个国家已经开发了花粉收集和辅助授粉技术。干式和湿式花粉喷洒技术都在使用中。辅助授粉包括人工和机械授粉技术。
辅助授粉技术确实可以实现良好的果实质量。然而,它们往往不容易应用。种植者要么需要自己收集花粉,要么必须从第三方购买花粉,这样花粉就应该是高质量、无病的。花粉需要涂在花上。这个过程是劳动密集型的,而且在花粉消耗方面往往是浪费的。(例如,在喷洒花粉的情况下,只有一小部分花粉最终落在花朵上)。

猕猴桃雄花蕾

▲猕猴桃雄花蕾

使用激素作为实际授粉的替代品也受到越来越多的限制,在某些国家被禁止。
Biobest熊蜂可以帮助解决猕猴桃授粉的挑战。大黄蜂热衷于观赏猕猴桃,会携带大量花粉并有效授粉。它们在低温下飞行,并不介意在茂密的猕猴桃树冠下经常出现的低光照强度。它们在网和塑料隧道下也能很好地工作。Biobest还拥有一种技术来处理花粉自然存在不足的情况。使用Biobest的专利飞行医生®技术。在分配器中涂抹少量预先收集的花粉。我们的飞行医生®将把它直接带到雌花上。没有浪费花粉。Biobest与意大利Zespri合作测试了这项技术,并能够证明最佳授粉。花粉消耗和劳动力只是其他辅助授粉技术(如湿喷或干喷)所需的一小部分。
一部英语、法语和意大利语的短片可以展示这项技术。如需完整信息,请向我们的营销部门索取我们的授粉信息表KIWI。

Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit

▲Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit

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