遵义播宏猕猴桃有限公司花粉厂引进的首条猕猴桃花粉生产线，试车成功，正式投用。The first kiwi pollen production line introduced by Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd.'s pollen factory has been successfully tested and officially put into operation.
遵义播宏猕猴桃有限公司花粉厂的建立，以及该花粉生产线的投用，弥补了中国西南地区之前没有自动化生产猕猴桃雄花花粉工厂的空缺，对促进贵州猕猴桃产业科学、合理、健康发展，进一步提高遵义地区猕猴桃产业，具有极其重大的意义。The establishment of the pollen factory of Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd. and the operation of the pollen production line have filled the gap in the lack of automated production of kiwifruit male flower pollen factories in southwestern China. It is of great significance to promote the scientific, rational, and healthy development of the kiwifruit industry in Guizhou and further improve the kiwifruit industry in Zunyi.
▲Kiwi male and female flowers 猕猴桃雄株、雌花
猕猴桃为雌雄异株植物，这一特性决定了其授粉过程需要借助外界力量。在自然条件下，猕猴桃主要依靠风力和昆虫进行授粉，但由于猕猴桃花粉粒大，在空中散播距离短，且花朵缺少蜜腺，对昆虫吸引力较弱，仅依靠风力和昆虫进行的自然授粉往往无法满足其授粉需求。此外，猕猴桃的花期较短，一般为 3 - 5 天，且开放较为集中。Kiwi is a dioecious plant, which determines that its pollination process requires external forces. Under natural conditions, kiwifruit mainly relies on wind and insects for pollination. However, due to the large size of kiwifruit pollen grains, short dispersal distance in the air, and the lack of nectar glands in flowers, their attraction to insects is weak. Natural pollination relying solely on wind and insects often cannot meet their pollination needs. In addition, the flowering period of kiwifruit is relatively short, usually 3-5 days, and the opening is more concentrated.
▲The pollination method of kiwifruit used in China in the past 以前中国采用的猕猴桃授粉方式
若花期遭遇阴雨低温、大风等不良天气，或者雌雄花期不遇等情况，极易造成雌株授粉受精不良，导致坐果率低、果实偏小、果实畸形、品质差、减产甚至绝收，严重影响果园的产量和经济效益。例如，在一些山区栽培猕猴桃，由于栽培面积小、栽培分散，花粉来源不稳定，加之受环境因素影响较大，授粉问题更为突出。If the flowering period encounters adverse weather conditions such as rainy, low temperature, strong winds, or if the male and female flowering periods do not meet, it is very easy to cause poor pollination and fertilization of female plants, resulting in low fruit setting rate, small fruit size, fruit deformity, poor quality, reduced yield or even no harvest, seriously affecting the yield and economic benefits of the orchard. For example, in some mountainous areas where kiwifruit is cultivated, the pollination problem is more prominent due to the small cultivation area, scattered cultivation, unstable pollen sources, and significant environmental factors.
▲Macaque peach blossoms in full bloom
据了解，猕猴桃花期在每年的3月中旬至5月中旬，而该时期正是遵义地区的多雨季节，使得果园中雄花晚开，造成雌雄花期不遇，或者授粉不充分，直接影响座果率，果型大小，及果实口感。为了提高座果率，降低病害，推动猕猴桃全产业链建设。It is reported that the flowering period of kiwifruit is from mid March to mid May every year, which is the rainy season in Zunyi area. This causes the male flowers in the orchard to bloom late, resulting in a lack of male and female flowering periods or insufficient pollination, directly affecting the fruit setting rate, fruit size, and fruit taste. In order to improve fruit setting rate, reduce diseases, and promote the construction of the entire kiwifruit industry chain.
▲Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit
目前，遵义播宏猕猴桃有限公司在三岔镇发展种植了400亩猕猴桃雄株园。通过该生产线对花朵进行破碎分离、烘干、旋风提纯、脱毒等步骤，每年能产出高质量无病害的活性花粉400余公斤，并能实现全年供货，将彻底解决猕猴桃生产中人工授粉，产量低、成本高、品质差、不耐储运等难题。At present, Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Co., Ltd. has developed and planted 400 acres of male kiwifruit orchards in Sancha Town. By using this production line to crush and separate flowers, dry them, purify them by cyclone, and detoxify them, more than 400 kilograms of high-quality, disease-free active pollen can be produced annually, and supply can be achieved throughout the year. This will completely solve the problems of low yield, high cost, poor quality, and poor storage and transportation resistance caused by artificial pollination in kiwifruit production.
▲猕猴桃花粉制造加工流程 Manufacturing and processing flow of kiwi pollen
我们的雄性是六倍体雄性，因此含有6组染色体（6x），使其适合为以下品种授粉：徐香、瑞玉、翠香、海沃德（上述品质均为6倍体）、佳沛阳光金果（4倍体）以及东红、红阳、R19宝石红（2倍体）。6x倍体的雄花粉能够为相同或低倍体的猕猴桃雌花授粉。Our males are hexaploid males, therefore containing 6 sets of chromosomes (6x), making them suitable for pollination of the following varieties: Xuxiang, Ruiyu, Cuixiang, Hayward (all of the above qualities are hexaploid), Jiapei Sunshine Golden Fruit (4-fold), and Donghong, Hongyang, R19 Gemstone Red (2-fold). Male pollen with 6x ploidy can pollinate kiwifruit female flowers with the same or lower ploidy.
▲猕猴桃果园常见的授粉方式
本地生产花粉可以有效减少花粉运输的时间，使得贵州各果园基地能够在更适宜的时间使用活性更高的花粉进行授粉，全面提高各个果园的产量，和果实的品质，进一步促进猕猴桃全产业发展，提升贵州地区猕猴桃产业竞争力，提升果农收入。该生产线产出的花粉不仅能满足贵州地区猕猴桃果园的需求，还能为四川、重庆等省市的猕猴桃果园提供高质量花粉。Local production of pollen can effectively reduce the transportation time of pollen, allowing various orchard bases in Guizhou to use more active pollen for pollination at more suitable times, comprehensively improving the yield and fruit quality of each orchard, further promoting the development of the kiwi industry, enhancing the competitiveness of the kiwi industry in Guizhou, and increasing the income of fruit farmers. The pollen produced by this production line can not only meet the demand of kiwifruit orchards in Guizhou, but also provide high-quality pollen for kiwifruit orchards in provinces and cities such as Sichuan and Chongqing.
▲where to buy kiwi pollen
“近年来贵州继续围绕农村产业革命‘八要素’，深入推进农业结构调整，把猕猴桃产业作为绿色生态产业、特色优势产业、脱贫主导产业、乡村振兴产业来进行重点打造。”未来，贵州要以建设现代农业产业园区为载体推动集聚发展，以品牌打造和主体培育为抓手推动共享发展，以全产业建设为重点推动融合发展，努力在2020年把猕猴桃种植面积扩大到80万亩，力争100万亩，产量30万吨以上，切实把有机猕猴桃产业打造成为助推脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴的支柱产业。In recent years, Guizhou has continued to focus on the "eight elements" of the rural industrial revolution, deeply promoted agricultural structural adjustment, and focused on building the kiwifruit industry as a green ecological industry, characteristic advantage industry, poverty alleviation leading industry, and rural revitalization industry. In the future, Guizhou will promote agglomeration development through the establishment of modern agricultural industrial parks, promote shared development through brand building and subject cultivation, and promote integrated development through the construction of the entire industry. Efforts will be made to expand the kiwifruit planting area to 800000 mu by 2020, striving for 1 million mu and a yield of over 300000 tons, and effectively build the organic kiwifruit industry into a pillar industry to promote poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
▲刚完成授粉的红心猕猴桃幼果
（红心猕猴桃授粉方法）
（猕猴桃花粉电动授粉器）
评论