Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Kiwifruit种植、生长和收获猕猴桃

mihoutao 2024 年 9 月 30 日21:49:25评论0 views阅读模式

Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Kiwifruit种植、生长和收获猕猴桃

Did you know that kiwis aren’t native to New Zealand? Kiwi plants can be grown on a vine in both colder and warmer regions. These tasty and nutrient-rich fruits are an excellent choice to grow in your own home. Learn more.

猕猴桃花粉

猕猴桃花粉

About Kiwifruit
There are two main types of Kiwifruit plants grown in home gardens: Kiwifruit and Kiwiberry. Both types of kiwi are frost-susceptible, so this plant is best grown in areas with a frost-free growing season of at least 200 days.

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is the fuzzy brown variety you’ve likely seen in stores. They are typically about the size of an extra-large chicken egg. In the early 20th century, the plant was exported from southern China to Europe, the United States, and New Zealand, where most kiwifruit is grown today. Kiwifruit grows in zones 8 to 9.

Kiwiberry (Acinidia arguta) produces a smooth, green, grape-sized fruit. They are grown often for their attractive, pink-variegated foliage and fragrant flowers. Native to northern China, Japan, and Korea, this exported plant is sometimes called “hardy kiwi” or “Northern kiwi.”
As the name suggests, the hardy kiwi (Actinidia Arguta) does best in colder areas (USDA zones 4 to 7) and can even survive subzero temperatures. You can buy hardy kiwi plants at Walmart.

你知道几维鸟不是新西兰本土的吗?猕猴桃植物可以在寒冷和温暖的地区种植在藤蔓上。这些美味且营养丰富的水果是在家里种植的绝佳选择。了解更多。
关于猕猴桃
家庭花园中种植的猕猴桃主要有两种类型:猕猴桃和猕猴桃。这两种猕猴桃都易受霜冻影响,因此这种植物最好在无霜期至少为200天的地区种植。
猕猴桃(美味猕猴桃)是你可能在商店里看到的毛茸茸的棕色品种。它们通常大约有一个特大鸡蛋那么大。在20世纪初,这种植物从中国南方出口到欧洲、美国和新西兰,今天大多数猕猴桃都在那里种植。猕猴桃生长在8至9区。

猕猴桃(Acinidia arguta)结出光滑、绿色、葡萄大小的果实。它们因其迷人的粉红色杂色叶子和芳香的花朵而被种植。这种出口植物原产于中国北部、日本和韩国,有时被称为“耐寒猕猴桃”或“北方猕猴桃”
顾名思义,耐寒的猕猴桃(Actinidia Arguta)在较冷的地区(美国农业部4至7区)表现最好,甚至可以在零度以下生存。你可以在沃尔玛买到耐寒的猕猴桃。

Note: If you are considering growing kiwifruit in your garden, know that both a male and a female plant are required to produce fruit. The male plant produces flowers, while the female plant produces both flowers and fruit. (However, one reportedly self-fertile variety of hardy kiwi is called ‘Issai’ if you only have space for one plant!)注意:如果你正在考虑在你的花园里种植猕猴桃,要知道需要雄性和雌性植物才能结出果实。雄性植物开花,而雌性植物既开花又结果。(然而,据报道,如果你只有一棵植物的空间,一种耐寒猕猴桃的自育品种被称为“伊赛”!)

When to Plant Kiwi Vines
Plant kiwi plants in the spring after the threat of frost has passed.
Kiwis typically begin bearing fruit 3 to 5 years after planting.
Choosing and Preparing a Planting Site
Kiwi vines need a sunny spot to produce the best growth and fruit.
Plant in a protected area of the garden to avoid wind damage.
Plant the vines on the north side of the yard in colder regions to minimize the risk of freeze-thaw damage in early spring, when plants are especially susceptible.
Kiwi plants require well-drained soil, as they are prone to root rot if kept too wet.
Kiwi vines are slow growers and need sturdy supports. Erect a tall, heavy-duty trellis system that can support the vines that can grow 15 feet wide and 20 feet long, and produce up to 100 pounds of fruit.
How to Plant Kiwi Vines
To get a good crop from kiwi, you’ll need to plant male and female plants. The females produce the fruit.
Tip: The best ratio is said to be at least one male plant for every six female plants.
Plant the vines 10 to 15 feet apart.
When planting, you may need to trim the roots if too long.
Plant vines just deep enough to cover the roots well with soil.
Water well at the time of planting.
GROWING
How to Grow Kiwi Vines
Unless it has been rainy, give the plants supplemental watering during the height of summer or during other dry periods.
Do not fertilize in the first year. After that, fertilize with a well-balanced fertilizer or soybean meal in the spring.
Start training the flexible vines up a support during the first year of planting.
Prune the lateral growth (if not flowering) 2 to 3 times during the growing season.
Kiwi plants flower and fruit on old wood.
Regularly remove water sprouts (vigorous shoots originating from older wood) and shoots from the trunk.
Prune female vines during the winter months, when the plant is dormant. Prune male vines in early summer after bloom.
In cold areas, the vines of hardy kiwi may die back to the ground each year. Remove the dead stems and mulch with leaves or straw.
Kiwifruit on vines.

How to Propagate Kiwi Vines
Kiwi can be propagated from seeds. Here’s how:
Remove the seeds from a mature kiwi and let the seeds dry for two days.
Place the seeds in a container with moist perlite and refrigerate at 40°F (4°C) for 2 months.
Plant the seeds 1/8 inch deep in moist sterile potting mix and cover the container with plastic wrap.
Place the container in a warm, bright spot and moisten the soil.
When seedlings start growing, uncover the container.
When the plants have four true leaves, transplant them into individual pots.
When the plants are several inches tall, transplant them outdoors.
Kiwis can also be propagated from softwood cuttings (cuttings taken from new growth during the summer):
Cut a kiwi stem into six-inch lengths and cut off any growing tip.
Put the cuttings into a glass with an inch of water.
In about three weeks, the cuttings will have tiny roots at the ends of the cuttings.
Plant the cuttings in pots or plant outdoors.
TYPES
Hardy Kiwi (Kiwiberries)
A. arguta ‘Ananasnaya’ (also called ‘Anna’) has jade-colored skin, bright green flesh, black seeds and tastes like pineapple.
A. arguta ‘Issai’ is self-fertile (does not require a male pollinator) and produces small, juicy fruit. Pollinators love the fragrant white flowers in early summer.
A. arguta ‘Geneva’ ripens earlier than either ‘Anna’ or ‘Issai’ and has sweet, honey-flavored fruit.
A. arguta ‘Ken’s Red’ has fruit with reddish-purple skins. The flesh inside is dark green with deep-red streaks.
A. kolomikta ‘Red Beauty’ fruit ripens earlier than most hardy kiwi species, but A. kolomikta can be more temperamental in general. Fruit is skinny and sweet. Foliage turns a brilliant red in the fall.
Kiwifruit
‘Hayward’ is the main female variety of A. deliciosa grown commercially. It produces the fuzzy brown fruit with green interiors that can be found in grocery stores.
Male varieties include ‘Chico’, ‘Matua’, and ‘Tamori’.
HARVESTING
When to Harvest Kiwi Fruit
The fruit typically reaches maturity in September/October, which can make it susceptible to early fall frosts in some areas.
Harvest the fruit when they are soft to the touch and ready to be eaten.
Alternatively, if early fall frosts are a concern, harvest kiwi fruits when they are still firm but have black seeds. This fruit can be stored in the refrigerator for up to six weeks. Remove it from the refrigerator and allow it to soften for a couple of days before eating.
How to Store Kiwi Fruit
Store firm kiwi in the refrigerator or a cooler for up to six weeks.
Freeze firm whole hardy kiwis on a cookie sheet and then put them into plastic freezer bags.

何时种植猕猴桃
在霜冻威胁过去后的春天种植猕猴桃。
新西兰人通常在种植后3到5年开始结果。
选择和准备种植场地
猕猴桃藤需要一个阳光充足的地方才能生长和结出最好的果实。
在花园的保护区种植,以避免风害。
在寒冷地区将葡萄藤种植在院子的北侧,以尽量减少早春冻融破坏的风险,因为此时植物特别容易受到冻融破坏。
猕猴桃植物需要排水良好的土壤,因为如果保持太湿,它们很容易发生根腐病。
猕猴桃藤生长缓慢,需要坚固的支撑。搭建一个高大、结实的棚架系统,可以支撑15英尺宽、20英尺长的葡萄藤,最多可以结出100磅的果实。
如何种植猕猴桃
为了从猕猴桃中获得好收成,你需要种植雄性和雌性植物。雌性结出果实。
小贴士:据说最好的比例是每六株雌性植物中至少有一株雄性植物。
将葡萄藤种植在相距10至15英尺的地方。
种植时,如果根太长,可能需要修剪。
种植藤蔓,其深度应足以用土壤很好地覆盖根部。
在种植时浇水。
增长的
如何种植猕猴桃
除非下雨,否则在盛夏或其他干旱时期给植物补充水分。
第一年不要施肥。之后,在春天用平衡良好的肥料或豆粕施肥。
在种植的第一年,开始训练灵活的藤蔓。
在生长季节修剪横向生长(如果不开花)2到3次。
猕猴桃在老木头上开花和结果。
定期清除树干上的水芽(来自老木材的旺盛枝条)和枝条。
在冬季,当植物处于休眠状态时,修剪雌性藤蔓。初夏开花后修剪雄藤。
在寒冷地区,耐寒猕猴桃的藤蔓每年都可能枯死。去除死茎,用叶子或稻草覆盖。
藤蔓上的猕猴桃。
如何推广猕猴桃
猕猴桃可以通过种子繁殖。方法如下:
从成熟的猕猴桃中取出种子,让种子干燥两天。
将种子放入装有湿润珍珠岩的容器中,在40°F(4°C)下冷藏2个月。
将种子种植在1/8英寸深的潮湿无菌盆栽混合物中,并用保鲜膜覆盖容器。
将容器放在温暖明亮的地方,湿润土壤。
当幼苗开始生长时,揭开容器。
当植物长出四片真叶时,将它们移植到单独的花盆中。
当植物长到几英寸高时,把它们移植到室外。
猕猴桃也可以从软木插条(夏季新生长的插条)中繁殖:
把猕猴桃茎切成六英寸长,切掉任何生长的尖端。
把插条放入装有一英寸水的玻璃杯中。
大约三周后,插条的末端会有细小的根。
把插条种在花盆里或室外。
类型
耐寒猕猴桃
A.arguta‘Ananasnaya’(也称为‘Anna’)的皮肤呈翡翠色,果肉呈亮绿色,种子呈黑色,味道像菠萝。
A.arguta'Issai'是自育的(不需要雄性传粉者),结出小而多汁的果实。传粉者喜欢初夏芳香的白色花朵。
A.arguta‘Geneva’比‘Anna’或‘Issai’成熟得早,果实甜美,有蜂蜜味。
A.阿瓜“肯红”的果实是红紫色的。里面的肉是深绿色的,有深红色的条纹。
A.kolomikta的“红美人”果实比大多数耐寒的猕猴桃品种成熟得早,但A.kolomikta总体上更喜怒无常。水果又瘦又甜。秋天,树叶变成了鲜艳的红色。
猕猴桃
“海沃德”是商业种植的美味A.deliciosa的主要雌性品种。它生产的毛茸茸的棕色水果内部是绿色的,可以在杂货店找到。
雄性品种包括“Chico”、“Matua”和“Tamori”。
收割
何时收获猕猴桃
果实通常在9月/10月成熟,这可能使其在某些地区容易受到早秋霜冻的影响。
当水果摸起来柔软,准备吃的时候就可以收割了。
或者,如果担心早秋霜冻,可以在猕猴桃仍然坚硬但种子呈黑色时收获。这种水果可以在冰箱里储存长达六周。把它从冰箱里拿出来,在吃之前让它软化几天。
如何储存猕猴桃
将硬猕猴桃放在冰箱或冷却器中保存长达六周。
将坚硬的猕猴桃放在饼干片上冷冻,然后放入塑料冷冻袋中。

WIT AND WISDOM
The kiwi was once referred to as “Chinese gooseberry.”
Hardy kiwi is rich in vitamins C, A, and E, potassium, fiber, calcium, and iron.
Hardy kiwi fruit is also known as kiwiberry, baby kiwi, dessert kiwi, grape kiwi, and cocktail kiwi.
PESTS/DISEASES
Root rot can occur if plants become waterlogged.
Phytophthora crown rot
COOKING NOTES
Raw kiwifruit is rich in a protein-dissolving enzyme called actinidain. This makes the kiwi unsuitable for use in dishes that contain milk products or gelatin. If these dishes are not served immediately, the enzyme starts to digest the proteins in the dishes, destroying the texture. In gelatin-based dishes, the enzyme can prevent the liquid from solidifying.

机智与智慧
猕猴桃曾被称为“中华猕猴桃”
耐寒猕猴桃富含维生素C、A和E、钾、纤维、钙和铁。
耐寒猕猴桃也被称为猕猴桃、小猕猴桃、甜点猕猴桃、葡萄猕猴桃和鸡尾酒猕猴桃。
病虫害
如果植物被水淹没,就会发生根腐病。
疫霉冠腐病
烹饪笔记
生猕猴桃富含一种名为肌动蛋白的蛋白质溶解酶。这使得猕猴桃不适合用于含有乳制品或明胶的菜肴。如果这些菜肴没有立即上桌,酶就会开始消化菜肴中的蛋白质,破坏菜肴的质地。在明胶菜肴中,酶可以防止液体凝固。

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