摘要: 目的 研究软枣猕猴桃雄株不同发育阶段花粉含量与活力，分析不同干燥前预处理方法对花粉加工效率的影响及干燥温度对花粉活力的影响，以优化软枣猕猴桃花粉生产加工工艺。
▲kiwi pollen food allergy
方法：以软枣猕猴桃雄株品系辽农3-1为试材，比较开花前5、4、3、2、1 d和开花1 d花（花蕾）的花粉含量及花粉活力；对6种干燥前预处理方法（不处理、剥取花药、匀浆机3 s、匀浆机2 s、匀浆机1 s和手工掰开成两半）进行比较；研究在22 、25 、28 ℃等3种温度条件下花蕾的干燥速度及花粉活力的差异。
结果 随着花的发育，花粉量急速增多，在开花前2 d时花粉可采集量最多，为1.276%，之后随着花药的破裂，可采集花粉量迅速降低，呈现二次幂曲线形态。花蕾干燥前预处理方法选用匀浆机匀浆1 s打碎花蕾，即可短时间内有效打碎花蕾，缩短花蕾干燥时间，同时精粉中杂质含量少，是有效可行的处理方法。花蕾相对干质量＜23%时，水分减少趋缓，呈现干燥状态，随着干燥温度的升高，干燥用时缩短，28 ℃条件下干燥用时为13 h，花蕾相对干质量为22.98%，且花粉活力与22 ℃和25 ℃散出花粉没有显著性差异。
结论 大量采集软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉，可优先选择开花前2 d花蕾，使用匀浆机匀浆1 s处理，然后在28 ℃条件下干燥后，使用精粉提取机制取花粉。
关键词: 软枣猕猴桃、雄株、花粉、散粉特性
▲Picking kiwifruit flowers
Abstract: Objective The pollen content and vitality of male Actinidia arguta at different stages of flower development, the effect of different pre-treatment methods before drying on pollen processing rate, and the effect of drying temperature on pollen vitality were studied in order to optimize the production and processing technology of Actinidia arguta. Method Using the ‘Liaonong 3-1’ of Actinidia arguta as testmaterials, The pollen content and pollen viability of flowers (buds) 5 d, 4 d, 3 d, 2 d, 1 d before flowering and flowering 1 d were compared;Six drying pretreatment methods were compared: no treatment, peeling anther, homogenizer 3 s, homogenizer 2 s, homogenizer 1 s and manual breaking in half; The difference of drying speed and pollen viability of flower buds at 22 ℃, 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ was studied.Result With the development of flowers, the amount of pollen increased rapidly and the maximum amount of pollencollected was 1.276% at 2 d before flowering. Then,with the breakdown of antherium, the amount of pollen that could be collected decreased rapidly, showing a quadratic power curve.Pre-treatment method before drying of buds using homogenizer 1 s to break buds can effectively break buds in a short time, shorten the drying time of buds, and the impurity content in fine powder was less, which was an effective and feasible treatment method.When the relative dry weight of the flower bud was less than 23%, the water content decreased gradually, and the drying time was shortened with the increase of drying temperature. The drying time was 13 h at 28 ℃, and the relative dry weight of the flower bud was 22.98%and there was no significant difference between pollen activity and pollen released at 22 ℃ and 25 ℃.Conclusion The male pollen of Actinidia arguta can be collected in large quantities, and 2 d bud before flowering can be prefered, homogenized by homogenizer for 1 s, and then dried at 28 ℃, the pollen can be extracted by fine powder extraction mechanism.
Keywords: Actinidia arguta、male plant、pollen、loose powder characteristic
▲猕猴桃雄花蕾
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