Kiwifruit Growing Guide 猕猴桃种植指南
Header Kiwi - Garden Express Australia
What is Kiwifruit?
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) also known as Chinese Gooseberry is a deciduous fruiting vine. It is part of the Actinidiaceae family and is native to China. Kiwifruit are dioecious plants, which means they need both male and female plants to pollinate. One male will pollinate up to five females however most gardens will only have one of each as they can take up a large space. They are a long lasting plant able to live and bear fruit for up to 20 + years. Once planted female vines take 4 to 5 years to mature before they will start bearing fruit. Kiwifruit is a deciduous vine that produces large plum shaped fruits that have furry green/brown skins and green pulp inside. Their leaves are oval, mid green and are also furry. The flowers are pale yellow and have five petals. Kiwifruit do best in climates with warm Summers and cool Winters with sufficient ‘chilling hours’. In warmer zones, look for ‘low chill’ varieties of kiwifruit that will still fruit successfully.
▲新西兰阳光金果
猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa）也被称为中国鹅莓，是一种落叶果树。它是猕猴桃科的一部分，原产于中国。猕猴桃是雌雄异株植物，这意味着它们需要雄性和雌性植物授粉。一只雄性将为多达五只雌性授粉，但大多数花园只会有一只雌性，因为它们会占用很大的空间。它们是一种持久的植物，能够存活和结果长达20多年。一旦种植，雌性葡萄藤需要4到5年的时间才能成熟，然后才能开始结果。猕猴桃是一种落叶藤蔓植物，结出大型李形果实，果实有毛茸茸的绿色/棕色表皮和绿色果肉。它们的叶子是椭圆形的，中绿色的，也是毛茸茸的。这些花是淡黄色的，有五片花瓣。猕猴桃在夏季温暖、冬季凉爽、有足够“冷藏时间”的气候中表现最好。在温暖的地区，寻找“低温”的猕猴桃品种，这些品种仍然会成功结出果实。
▲猕猴桃怎么购买
Kiwifruit produce fruit on current season’s growth that is growing from buds on one year old wood (previous season canes). Fruit is formed on the first 3 – 5 buds on the current seasons growth also known as fruiting spurs. Female plants produce fruit while male plants only produce flowers for pollination. Harvest fruit in Autumn while it is still firm and ripen at room temperature, or in a paper bag with an apple or banana. Plants lose their leaves in Winter and are frost hardy when dormant, but flowers and young tips may need some frost protection in early Spring. Kiwifruit vines prefer a full sun to part shade position in the garden that is protected from strong winds.
猕猴桃在当季的生长中结出果实，这些果实是从一年树龄的木材（上一季的藤条）上的芽长出来的。果实是在当前季节生长的前3-5个芽上形成的，也称为果刺。雌性植物会结果，而雄性植物只会开花授粉。在秋天收获水果时，要确保它仍然坚硬，在室温下成熟，或者装在纸袋里，里面放一个苹果或香蕉。植物在冬天会落叶，在休眠时会耐寒，但早春时花朵和幼嫩的尖端可能需要一些防冻保护。猕猴桃藤更喜欢在花园中阳光充足而部分遮荫的位置，以防止强风。
▲绿心猕猴桃
Benefits of Growing Kiwifruit
The Kiwifruit is a long-lived plant and grows vigorously. They can provide shade during Summer and let the sunlight in during Winter. Kiwifruit is an excellent source of vitamin C, potassium and calcium. They are packed with an array of nutrients, fibre and antioxidants. Kiwifruit are great eaten by themselves, in smoothies or in fruit salads.
种植猕猴桃的好处
猕猴桃是一种长寿植物，生长旺盛。它们可以在夏天提供遮荫，在冬天让阳光照射进来。猕猴桃是维生素C、钾和钙的极好来源。它们富含一系列营养素、纤维和抗氧化剂。猕猴桃可以单独食用，也可以做成奶昔或水果沙拉。
▲阳光金果G3猕猴桃
How to Grow Kiwifruit
Climatic Zones
Cool, temperate, arid.
气候带
凉爽、温和、干旱。
Plant Size
Height: 5-10m, Width: 5-10m
工厂规模
高度：5-10m，宽度：5-10m
When To Plant Kiwifruit
Plant anytime.
何时种植猕猴桃
随时种植。
Soil Preparation
They like a moist, well drained and slightly acidic soil. Prepare your soil by adding compost and well broken down manure.
土壤准备
它们喜欢湿润、排水良好、微酸的土壤。通过添加堆肥和分解良好的肥料来准备土壤。
How To Plant Kiwifruit
Plant in full sun, with the plant crown at soil level.
如何种植猕猴桃
在阳光充足的地方种植，树冠与土壤齐平。
▲Golden Kiwi Orchard
The vine is best planted facing North or where it can get 4 to 6 hours of direct Summer sunlight it needs to ripen the fruit. Make sure that it is protected from strong winds.
葡萄藤最好朝北种植，或者在夏天可以获得4到6小时的直射阳光的地方种植，以使果实成熟。确保它免受强风的侵袭。
▲New Zealand Kiwi Orchard
Dig the planting hole twice as wide and to the same depth as the root-ball.
Kiwifruit need something strong to grow on such as a fence, pergola or trellis.
将种植孔挖两倍宽，深度与根球相同。
猕猴桃需要坚固的东西才能生长，比如栅栏、凉棚或棚架。
▲New Zealand Kiwi Orchard
Kiwifruit Plant Care
Water well during the growing season, especially once flowers start setting fruit. Kiwifruits dislike having wet feet. Try to avoid over watering and ensure that the soil is well draining.
猕猴桃植物护理
在生长季节，尤其是花朵开始结果后，要浇水。猕猴桃不喜欢脚湿。尽量避免过度浇水，确保土壤排水良好。
▲New Zealand's newly built Sunshine Golden Fruit Orchard
Mulch annually to retain moisture, suppress weeds and add nutrients.
Kiwifruit need to be fertilised regularly, at least twice a year in Spring and Autumn. A complete fertiliser or well broken down animal manure is ideal.
每年覆盖一次，以保持水分，抑制杂草并增加营养。
猕猴桃需要定期施肥，每年春秋两季至少施肥两次。一个完整的肥料或分解良好的动物粪便是理想的。
▲新西兰奇异果园
When pruning each year, maintain a central trunk, and some strong horizontal arms. Remember that fruiting spurs will grow off one year old growth. Remove any tips that flop too far from your frame. Prune laterals back to 2 or 3 buds beyond previous seasons crop. If overcrowding occurs you can remove some laterals completely. If the vines grow too quickly in Summer, prune back the growth. If any laterals become broken of diseased remove them. Prune male plants after flowering.
每年修剪时，要保持中央树干，以及一些强壮的横臂。记住，果刺会从一年前的生长中长出来。去除任何离你的身体太远的尖端。将侧芽修剪回前季作物的2或3个芽。如果出现过度拥挤的情况，你可以完全移除一些侧支。如果葡萄藤在夏天长得太快，就修剪一下。如果任何一侧骨折或患病，请将其切除。开花后修剪雄株。
▲新西兰奇异果包装厂
Tips: It is impossible to tell the male and female plants apart when not in flower so it is recommended to prune the male plant as soon as it has finished flowering.
小贴士：不开花时，无法区分雄株和雌株，因此建议雄株开花后立即修剪。
Protect your kiwifruits from possums and birds by placing a net over your vines during fruiting time.
在果实生长期间，在葡萄藤上放一张网，保护你的猕猴桃免受负鼠和鸟类的侵害。
▲新西兰阳光金果
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